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E132: Industrial properties and applications

16 January 2026
Indigocarmine (E132) is a synthetic dye in powder form belonging to the group of indigoid dyes. In its pure form, it gives an intense blue color. Depending on the acidity of the medium (pH) and the combination with other dyes, it can be used to create a wide range of shades — from dark blue and rich purple to green.
 
The main field of application is food coloring. Due to its ability to produce a pure blue color, it is actively used in the production of confectionery, glazes, dragees (for example, Skittles), ice cream, chewing gum, dairy desserts, semi-finished products, sauces, drinks. The dye is also used in pet food.
 
It is widely in demand in the pharmaceutical industry for staining the shells of tablets and capsules. The unique property of this substance to change color depending on the pH of the medium makes it a valuable indicator in medical diagnostics, for example, to assess kidney function.
 
The original base for the blue dye is the indigofera plant. Modern indigocarmine is a fully synthetic product that is obtained by sulfonation of the indigo substance with concentrated sulfuric acid.
 
Advantages of synthetic indigocarmine compared to its herbal counterpart:
  • Higher stable properties.
  • Good solubility in water.
  • Resistance to light and oxidation.
  • Accessibility and cost-effectiveness for mass industrial use.

Indigocarmine is approved for use in Russia, the CIS countries and most European countries. In America, due to the policy of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a number of synthetic food dyes are to be withdrawn from circulation by the end of 2026. This list also includes E132 (FD&C Blue No. 2).
 
Despite this, the dye is recognized as safe for humans and pets within the acceptable daily intake.
16 January 2026

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